The recent confluence of profound geopolitical shifts and the lingering impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic has unequivocally underscored the critical imperative for enhanced global capacity in science diplomacy and the provision of scientific counsel to governmental bodies. In response to this pressing need, Quebec has taken a significant stride forward by launching an unprecedented network of eight university research chairs dedicated to the multifaceted study of scientific diplomacy. This initiative, spearheaded by the Fonds de recherche du Québec (FRQ) in collaboration with the provincial Office of the Chief Scientist, represents one of the most extensive undertakings of its kind globally and was formally inaugurated in Montreal on March 25th.
The Ascendancy of Science Diplomacy
The concept of science diplomacy, the engagement between scientists and diplomats to address shared global challenges, has steadily gained traction over the past two decades. It is no longer confined to niche academic circles but has emerged as a vital tool for navigating an increasingly complex and interconnected world. Beyond mitigating the disruptions and misunderstandings that can arise from geopolitical tensions, science diplomacy is instrumental in tackling some of humanity’s most pressing issues. These include the exponential advancements in artificial intelligence (AI), the existential threat of climate change, persistent global health crises, widespread food insecurity, the erosion of democratic norms, and the intricate challenges of governing emerging technologies on a global scale.
The establishment of this network of science diplomacy chairs is strategically designed to amplify Quebec’s existing leadership in this rapidly evolving field. By creating a robust framework for innovative research programs and fostering vital collaborations, both within the province and with international partners, the initiative aims to generate actionable knowledge and cultivate a new generation of experts equipped to address these global challenges.
A Strategic Investment in Future Preparedness
The launch of the science diplomacy chair program builds upon a series of forward-thinking initiatives undertaken by the FRQ. These include programs designed to equip recent PhD graduates with invaluable experience in science advisory roles. These placements extend to local governments, provincial ministries, and, notably, 15 diplomatic offices abroad. This practical experience is crucial for bridging the gap between scientific expertise and policy-making, ensuring that evidence-based insights inform governmental decisions.
Rémi Quirion, President of the International Network on Governmental Science Advice (INGSA) and a key figure in this initiative, highlighted the broader context of Quebec’s commitment. INGSA, which receives partial funding from the Quebec government, boasts a presence in over 130 countries, with a significant focus on the Global South. This international reach underscores Quebec’s dedication to fostering global scientific collaboration and knowledge sharing.
International Collaboration as a Cornerstone
A defining characteristic of this new network is its inherently international structure. Each proposed research project is mandated to secure international funding and to actively bring together researchers and institutions from diverse national backgrounds. This ensures that the research undertaken is not only globally relevant but also benefits from a multiplicity of perspectives and expertise. Furthermore, the chairs are tasked with implementing research programs that would be impossible to conduct without international cooperation. This includes a critical mandate to train the next generation of researchers and science diplomats, equipping them with the skills and understanding necessary to navigate the complexities of international scientific engagement. The ultimate aim is to facilitate the effective transfer of knowledge to diplomats, policymakers, and public agencies, enabling them to translate research findings into tangible policy and action.
The chairs are committed to a collaborative approach, working amongst themselves to ensure the network’s efficacy and to foster its expansion over time. This ambitious and exciting project signals a significant investment in Quebec’s capacity to contribute to global solutions through the strategic application of scientific knowledge.
Spotlight on Key Research Initiatives
While the full scope of all eight chairs is detailed in the accompanying table, two of the newly established research chairs offer a compelling glimpse into the diverse and critical areas of focus:
International Science Diplomacy Research Chair for Arctic and Space Cooperation
Led by Pooneh Maghoul at Polytechnique Montréal, this chair exemplifies how scientific expertise can directly inform governance in rapidly evolving and geopolitically sensitive domains. The research program adopts a case-driven approach, integrating scientific, legal, engineering, Indigenous, and diplomatic perspectives to address parallel geopolitical and environmental challenges in the northern circumpolar regions and in outer space.
The chair aims to cultivate a new generation of "techno-diplomats" – individuals adept at navigating the intricate interplay of technology, policy, and international relations. These future leaders will be equipped to confront the realities of climate disruptions, the increasing proliferation of activities in outer space, infrastructure vulnerabilities, and the limitations of existing international legal frameworks. Central to this initiative is the development of a scientific platform dedicated to fostering cooperation in extreme environments, complemented by training pathways that emphasize experiential, intercultural, and Indigenous-informed engagement.
A significant aspect of this chair’s work involves shaping emerging legal norms governing resource utilization and infrastructure development in both the Arctic and outer space. This is further bolstered by a robust training ecosystem featuring two flagship programs: the NextGeneration TechnoDiplomats Summer School and the LabtoPolicy initiative. These programs empower trainees to synthesize technological advancements, predictive analysis, and policy considerations, thereby contributing to the creation of protocols, assessments, and practical toolkits for effective governance. The Arctic and space domains, while geographically distinct, share common challenges related to governance, resource management, and international cooperation, making this integrated approach particularly relevant.
Chair on "Science Diplomacy" and Global Governance of Artificial Intelligence
This chair, under the leadership of Catherine Régis at the Université de Montréal, is dedicated to exploring the transformative potential of science diplomacy in the realm of Artificial Intelligence (AI) governance. The research seeks to understand how science diplomacy can serve as an innovative strategy for governing AI development and deployment, and conversely, how AI can empower science diplomats in achieving their objectives.
The chair is committed to generating practical knowledge that will directly support the work of scientists, governments, diplomats, international organizations, and other stakeholders. This will be achieved through the development of concrete measures to help them attain their goals and through the creation of valuable tools. These tools may include a dynamic map of global AI governance initiatives, policy briefs offering strategic recommendations, and training programs focused on the appropriate and ethical use of AI in diplomatic and policy-making activities.
To achieve its ambitious research agenda, the chair will leverage an extensive international network of researchers possessing complementary expertise. This interdisciplinary network spans fields such as international law, international relations, AI, ethics, communication, economics, and data science. The chair’s activities will also be closely aligned with other significant global initiatives, including the recently established United Nations advisory committee on AI and UNESCO’s Global AI Ethics and Governance Observatory. Furthermore, it will collaborate with the FRQ’s own observatory on the societal impacts of AI (OBVIA), ensuring a cohesive and impactful approach to AI governance research within Quebec and beyond. The rapid evolution of AI presents unprecedented challenges and opportunities, necessitating a proactive and globally coordinated approach to its governance.
Broader Implications and Future Outlook
The establishment of these eight distinct science diplomacy chairs, each with its unique research themes and contributors from across continents, signifies a substantial commitment to advancing this critical field. Their diverse approaches and international collaborations are poised to make significant contributions to the rapidly changing landscape of research and action in science diplomacy.
The Office of the Chief Scientist and the FRQ have pledged their unwavering support to these chairs, ensuring they possess the resources and infrastructure necessary to maximize their impact, both individually and as a cohesive and innovative network. This initiative represents a strategic investment in Quebec’s ability to not only understand but also actively shape the future of global scientific engagement and evidence-informed policymaking.
The increasing complexity of global challenges, from climate change to the ethical implications of advanced technologies, demands a sophisticated and collaborative approach. Science diplomacy, as championed by Quebec’s new network of research chairs, offers a powerful framework for fostering dialogue, building trust, and developing shared solutions that transcend national borders. By investing in this crucial area, Quebec is positioning itself as a global leader in navigating the intersection of science, policy, and international relations, contributing to a more stable, sustainable, and prosperous future for all.
The Eight Chairs of the Science Diplomacy Network
| Chair Title | Quebec University | Quebec Chairholder | Co-researchers’ Institutions |
|---|---|---|---|
| International Science Diplomacy Research Chair for Arctic and Space Cooperation | Polytechnique Montréal | Pooneh Maghoul | United Nations University – Institute for Water, Environment and Health, Université Paris Saclay, Science Diplomacy Center |
| Chair on "Science diplomacy" and Global Governance of Artificial Intelligence | Université de Montréal | Catherine Régis | HEC Montréal, Universidad de los Andes, University of Oxford, Umea University, Università di Bologna, Université de Genève, University of Cambridge – Jesus College, Université de Yaoundé 2, Université numérique Cheikh Hamidou Kane, Université d’Abomey-Calavi |
| Science diplomacy Chair in Fisheries Stock Dynamics and Management | Université du Québec à Rimouski | Dominique Robert | University of Tokyo |
| The Food Convergence Innovation Africa Network (FCI-Africa): An International Science Diplomacy Initiative for Food Security | McGill University | Ebenezer Kwofie | International Food Policy Research Institute, African Academy of Sciences, University of Pretoria, CSIR Science & Technology Policy Research Institute |
| Climate Science Diplomacy Research Chair: Knowledge, Technology and Governance | Université de Sherbrooke | Annie Chaloux | Université Laval, Université Grenoble Alpes, National Institute for Research in Digital Science and Technology (INRIA), Frontline Associates Training Center, Copticom |
| Science Diplomacy Research Chair on Inclusion in Early Childhood Education | Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières | Carmen Dionne | Universidad CES, Universidad del Rosario, Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar |
| Research Chair in Science Diplomacy and Indigenous Knowledge Systems | Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue | Hugo Asselin | Council for Scientific and Industrial Research |
| Science Diplomacy Research Chair | Université Laval | Anna-Lena Rüland | Sorbonne Université |
